Persona library — 8 profiles (click to collapse)
p_careful_slow A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps. techniquetiming
p_distracted An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps. omission
p_expert_clean A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case). control
p_misreader A user who frequently misreads quantities and measurements. quantity
p_novice_impatient An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps. timingordering
p_overconfident An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary. preparationomission
p_temperature_blind A user who ignores temperature/heat cues. temperaturetiming
p_wrong_tool A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit. tool_selection
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:12.0 (12 s) The person stirs food in a pan, covers a pot, then retrieves another lid from a drawer and places it on a different pot on the stove.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:05.0 timing
deviation: The user would take an unusually long time searching for the correct lid in the drawer. While they carefully sift through the pots, the other dish is left uncovered on the heat, losing moisture and potentially overcooking.
user says: Which lid is the right one for this pot?
AI replies: The glass lid is correct for the red pot. Place it on top to keep the heat in, then check on your other dish.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:05, the user is slowly looking through the drawer for a lid while the uncovered pan continues to cook on the stove.
rationale: Being very careful and deliberate, this user focuses intently on finding the perfect lid, taking so long that they neglect the other active pot.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:03.0 omission
deviation: After stirring the vegetables, the user gets distracted by finding a lid for the other pot. They turn away from the stove, find the other lid, but then forget to cover the pan of vegetables, leaving them to cook uncovered.
user says: Did I forget something on the stove?
AI replies: Don't forget to cover the vegetable pan. It needs to simmer with the lid on to make sure the vegetables cook through evenly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:03, the user turns away from the stove, leaving the large white pan full of vegetables steaming and uncovered while they attend to another task.
rationale: The user's attention was diverted by the secondary task of finding a lid for the other pot, causing them to forget the necessary action for the pan they were just handling.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:04.0 timing
deviation: After covering the boiling pot, the user impatiently lifts the lid again after just a few seconds to check the progress. This releases steam, disrupting the cooking process and preventing the contents from cooking evenly.
user says: How will I know when this is done?
AI replies: Keep the pot covered to trap steam and maintain temperature. Lifting the lid will make it take much longer to cook properly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:04, the user has just placed a lid on the pot and is turning away; an impatient user would immediately turn back to lift the lid and check.
rationale: The impatient novice doesn't trust the cooking process and feels the need to constantly check on the food instead of letting it cook for the prescribed time.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:01.0 omission
deviation: The user skips stirring the simmering casserole, assuming it doesn't need attention yet. They decide it's more efficient to get all the pots covered first and will stir the casserole later, underestimating the risk of it sticking to the bottom.
user says: Is it okay to just let this simmer while I deal with the other pots?
AI replies: Before you cover the other pot, give the casserole a quick stir. This will help distribute the heat and prevent the food from sticking.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:01, the user's hand, which was over the casserole, moves to the lid of the red pot without first stirring the casserole's contents.
rationale: The overconfident persona skips the immediate stir, believing it's an unnecessary bit of prep work and that the dish will be fine without their attention for a few moments.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:01.0 temperature
deviation: The user reaches to lift the lid of the pot on the active burner with their bare hand. They don't register that the lid will be extremely hot and fail to grab a towel or oven mitt.
user says: Is it time to check on the rice?
AI replies: Watch out, that lid is hot. Use a towel or an oven mitt to lift it safely without burning your hand.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:01, the user's hand moves directly toward the lid of the red pot, which is on a lit gas burner.
rationale: This persona ignores heat cues and would not instinctively recognize the danger of touching the lid of a pot that is actively cooking on the stove.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:04.0 tool_selection
deviation: Instead of opening the drawer to find the correct lid for the small red pot, the user grabs the large grey lid sitting on the counter, which is clearly too big.
user says: Will this lid work?
AI replies: That lid won't fit the pot. Look in the drawer below you for the smaller glass lid to properly cover the pot.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:04, the user turns away from the stove and instead of reaching for the drawer, they would reach for the large, ill-fitting grey lid on the counter.
rationale: This persona grabs the most convenient tool, in this case the large lid sitting on the counter, without checking if it is the correct size for the pot.
step 1 00:12.0 → 00:17.0 (5 s) The person adjusts the timer or settings on the oven.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:16.0 timing
deviation: Wanting to be extra sure the dish is cooked through, the user deliberately sets the oven timer for significantly longer than the recipe requires, not realizing it will overcook the food.
user says: Is it better to give this a little more time?
AI replies: Be careful not to overdo it. The recipe only calls for a 10-minute bake. Please set the timer to 10:00 to prevent overcooking.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:16, the user is turning the oven knob and the timer display shows '0:09', but they are continuing to turn it past the correct time.
rationale: As a careful and deliberate cook, the user believes adding extra cooking time is a safer method to ensure the food is thoroughly cooked.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:17.0 omission
deviation: The user gets distracted while at the oven. They correctly set the timer, but then turn away, forgetting to also set the oven temperature before moving on to the next task.
user says: Okay, what's next?
AI replies: Wait, you have set the timer but you still need to set the oven to the correct temperature. Please adjust the temperature dial.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:17, the user's hand moves away from the oven controls and they begin to turn their body away, having only adjusted the timer.
rationale: The user's attention is captured by the digital timer display, and being easily distracted, they forget the separate, secondary step of adjusting the temperature knob.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:12.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:16.0 timing
deviation: The user doesn't wait for the oven to preheat. After setting the temperature, they immediately try to put the food in the oven instead of waiting for it to reach the target temperature.
user says: Do I really have to wait for this to preheat?
AI replies: Wait for the oven to fully preheat before putting your food in. This is important for ensuring it cooks evenly and correctly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:16, the user has just finished setting the oven timer and their hand would move to the oven handle to put the food in immediately.
rationale: This persona is impatient and doesn't understand the importance of preheating, so they try to skip the waiting time to finish cooking faster.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:16.0 omission
deviation: The user adjusts a timer on the oven but omits turning the oven on to preheat. They believe preheating is an unnecessary step and plan to just turn it on when the dish is ready to go in.
user says: Is it okay to just turn the oven on when I put the food in?
AI replies: Don't forget to preheat the oven. Turn it on now to the correct temperature so it's ready in time for the next step.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:16, the user's hand moves away from the oven controls after adjusting the timer, but they have not activated a heating function to begin preheating.
rationale: The overconfident persona believes preheating is a skippable preparation step and underestimates its importance for achieving an even cooking temperature.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:14.0 temperature
deviation: The user doesn't check the recipe for the correct oven temperature. They just turn the knob to a very high setting, like 220°C, assuming that 'hot is hot' and it will preheat faster.
user says: Is the oven on and getting hot now?
AI replies: The recipe specifies an oven temperature of 180°C. Please set the dial correctly to avoid burning the outside of your dish while it's still raw inside.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:14, the user's hand is on the oven's control dial, which is where they would be setting the incorrect temperature.
rationale: This persona is oblivious to the nuances of cooking temperatures and believes that as long as the oven is hot, the specific setting doesn't matter much.
step 0 00:00.0 → 02:59.0 (179 s) A person uses a knife and their hands to carefully peel the outer shell and remove the fibrous strings from numerous tamarind pods, placing the cleaned fruit onto a metal tray.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 01:11.0 technique
deviation: Being overly meticulous, the user spends too much time trying to scrape off every single tiny, insignificant fiber from the tamarind pulp with the knife. This is inefficient, unnecessary, and makes the task much slower.
user says: How do I make sure I get all the little strings off?
AI replies: You only need to remove the main outer shell and the thick strings. It's okay to leave the very fine fibers on the pulp.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:11, after cracking the pod, the user brings the knife back to the exposed pulp as if to start meticulously scraping off tiny fibers instead of simply pulling away the main strings.
rationale: This persona is overly meticulous and careful, leading them to over-work a step and spend far too much time on unnecessary details.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 01:50.0 omission
deviation: The user gets distracted by another person moving items on the table. After peeling the hard outer shell from a tamarind pod, they forget to remove the tough, stringy fibers before placing it with the other cleaned pods.
user says: Wait, did I finish cleaning this one?
AI replies: You're not quite done with that piece. Don't forget to pull off the tough, stringy fibers before you put it on the tray.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:50, the user has just finished peeling the shell from a tamarind pod while another person is active at the table, creating a distraction.
rationale: The user's attention is diverted by the other person's actions, causing them to forget the second, more subtle sub-step of the repetitive cleaning process.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:13.0 omission
deviation: The user peels the hard outer shell from the tamarind pods but intentionally skips removing the tough, stringy fibers that run along the pulp. They consider this step unnecessary and tedious, believing it won't affect the final dish.
user says: Do I really need to get all these tiny strings off?
AI replies: Before moving on, take a moment to pull off the long, stringy fibers from the pulp. Leaving them on will add a fibrous texture to your dish.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:13, the user has just finished breaking off the outer shell of a tamarind pod and is holding the exposed pulp.
rationale: The overconfident user deems the meticulous removal of fibers an unnecessary and fussy preparation step, choosing to skip it to finish the task faster.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:12.0 tool_selection
deviation: Instead of using the knife, the user grabs the spoon that is also on the tray. They attempt to use the edge of the spoon to crack open the hard tamarind shells, which is awkward and ineffective.
user says: What's the best tool for opening these?
AI replies: Using a small knife will be more effective. Use the tip to carefully crack the shell, then you can peel it off by hand.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:12, as the left hand selects a new tamarind pod, the right hand reaches for the spoon on the tray instead of the knife.
rationale: This persona grabs the most convenient tool, the spoon on the tray, without considering that a knife would be more effective for this task.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:09.0 (9 s) The video begins with a view of a messy bed, and a person slowly gets out of it.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:02.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
step 1 00:09.0 → 00:22.0 (13 s) The person walks through a hallway, revealing a cluttered living room and a glimpse of the kitchen.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:09.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:14.0 (14 s) The person begins washing dishes by scrubbing a white rectangular baking dish in the sink.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:08.0 timing
deviation: Being very meticulous, the user focuses all their effort on scrubbing one small, burnt-on spot on the dish. They spend an excessive amount of time on this single spot, failing to move on and clean the rest of the dish efficiently.
user says: Tell me when this spot is clean enough.
AI replies: That spot is tough. Give the whole dish a general scrub first, and you can come back to the more stubborn areas later.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:08, the user is still scrubbing the same corner of the baking dish they have been focused on since the beginning.
rationale: As a careful and deliberate person, they focus intensely on one small imperfection, over-doing the scrubbing on one spot at the expense of overall progress.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:11.0 omission
deviation: After scrubbing the inside of the baking dish, the user gets distracted by the other dirty dishes and forgets to flip the dish over to scrub the outside and bottom before rinsing.
user says: Is this one clean yet?
AI replies: Almost! Before you rinse, remember to flip the dish over and give the bottom and sides a quick scrub as well.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:11, the user is finishing scrubbing the inside of the dish and is about to rinse it without having flipped it over to clean the outside.
rationale: The user's attention drifts to the pile of dishes waiting to be washed, causing them to forget the sub-step of cleaning the exterior of the current dish.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:06.0 timing
deviation: The user gets impatient trying to scrub the heavily burnt-on food from the corner of the baking dish. After only a few seconds of scrubbing with little visible progress, they give up and decide to rinse the dish and move on, even though it is not yet clean.
user says: Is this good enough? It's not coming off.
AI replies: That burnt-on spot is tough. Keep scrubbing it for another 10 seconds to loosen it fully before you rinse the dish.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:06, the user is still scrubbing a stubborn dark spot on the dish, but this is the moment an impatient person would give up and start to move the dish to be rinsed.
rationale: As an impatient novice, the user lacks the persistence for a tedious task like scrubbing and wants to rush through it, underestimating the time needed to properly clean the dish.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:00.0 omission
deviation: The user skips the preparation step of soaking the dish. Believing they can just scrub off the heavily baked-on food, they begin scrubbing immediately, which is much less effective.
user says: What's the fastest way to get this clean?
AI replies: For tough, baked-on food, first soak the dish in hot, soapy water for 10-15 minutes. This will make scrubbing much easier.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:00, the user is already scrubbing the dirty baking dish with a steel wool pad without having first soaked it to loosen the burnt-on food.
rationale: The overconfident persona believes they don't need 'unnecessary' preparation steps like soaking and that their scrubbing strength alone is sufficient for the task.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:05.0 temperature
deviation: The user starts to wash the greasy, baked-on dish with cold water. They do not realize that hot water would be far more effective at loosening the food, resulting in much more scrubbing and a less clean dish.
user says: What's the best way to get this tough spot off?
AI replies: Use hot water to wash greasy dishes. The heat will help break down the baked-on food much more easily than cold water.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:05, the person is struggling to scrub a tough, burnt-on spot and would decide to add water, reaching for the cold tap out of habit.
rationale: The persona is insensitive to temperature cues and does not consider how using hot water would make the cleaning task significantly easier and more effective.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:01.0 tool_selection
deviation: The user grabs a coarse, possibly steel wool, scrubber to clean the ceramic baking dish. This tool is too abrasive and will likely scratch and damage the surface of the dish.
user says: What's the best tool to get this burnt stuff off?
AI replies: That scrubber looks too coarse and might scratch your ceramic dish. Try using a non-scratch sponge or letting the dish soak in hot water.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:01, the person is actively scrubbing the inside of the white ceramic dish with a dark, highly abrasive-looking pad.
rationale: The user sees tough, baked-on food and grabs the most aggressive cleaning tool nearby, without considering if it is appropriate for the ceramic surface.
step 1 00:14.0 → 00:32.0 (18 s) The person then scrubs and rinses a black square pan, placing it on the drying rack.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:25.0 timing
deviation: Being very careful, the user wants to ensure the pan is perfectly clean. They will continue to scrub the pan for an excessive amount of time, well after all visible food residue has already been removed.
user says: Is this pan clean enough yet?
AI replies: That looks good. All the residue is gone. You can stop scrubbing now and rinse the pan under the tap.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:25, the user continues to scrub the black pan with the scouring pad, even though the surface already appears to be clean.
rationale: This persona's careful and deliberate nature, combined with a tendency to over-do steps, leads them to scrub for too long, uncertain when the pan is sufficiently clean.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:31.0 omission
deviation: The user scrubs and rinses the inside of the pan, which is the most obviously dirty part. They then get distracted and move to put the pan on the drying rack, completely forgetting to wash the outside/bottom of it.
user says: Okay, is this pan clean now?
AI replies: Wait, flip the pan over. You still need to scrub and rinse the bottom before putting it on the rack to dry.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:31, after rinsing the inside of the pan, the user begins to move it toward the drying rack without turning it over to wash the bottom.
rationale: The user's attention lapsed after cleaning the most obvious part (the inside), causing them to forget the sub-step of washing the pan's exterior.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:15.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:20.0 timing
deviation: The user only scrubs the pan for a few seconds before moving on to rinse it. They don't spend enough time scrubbing to remove all the baked-on food.
user says: Is this clean enough to rinse now?
AI replies: Not yet. Keep scrubbing the inside of the pan to remove all the stuck-on food bits before you rinse it.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:20, the user is scrubbing the pan, but would prematurely stop and move to turn on the faucet, despite visible residue remaining.
rationale: This persona is impatient and wants to get through the task as quickly as possible, so they rush the scrubbing step.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:23.0 technique
deviation: Thinking they can power through the baked-on grime without soaking, the user would scrub the pan ineffectively. After a quick, insufficient scrub, they would rinse the pan and put it away, leaving food residue behind.
user says: Is this clean enough?
AI replies: Some residue is still stuck on the pan. Let it soak for 5-10 minutes in hot, soapy water, which will make scrubbing much easier.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:23, the user is scrubbing the pan with a scouring pad, but would decide it's 'good enough' and move to rinse without removing all the grime.
rationale: This user is overconfident in their ability to scrub off tough grime, causing them to skip the helpful preparation step of soaking the pan.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:26.0 temperature
deviation: The user attempts to wash the greasy pan with cold water. This is much less effective at breaking down the baked-on grease and will result in a poorly cleaned pan.
user says: Is there a faster way to get this grease off?
AI replies: For greasy pans, use hot water. The heat will help melt the grease, making it much easier to scrub off and get the pan clean.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:26, the user reaches for the faucet handle to turn on the water to rinse the black pan.
rationale: This persona is insensitive to temperature cues and does not consider that hot water is a critical tool for effectively cleaning greasy dishes.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:15.0 tool_selection
deviation: The user grabs a steel wool scouring pad to clean the black pan. This tool is too abrasive for the pan's non-stick surface and will scratch and damage the coating.
user says: What should I use to clean this pan?
AI replies: Hold on, that pan looks like it has a non-stick coating. Use a soft sponge to clean it, not steel wool, to avoid scratching it.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:15, the user has placed the black pan in the sink and is about to reach for a cleaning tool, with an abrasive steel wool pad visible on the counter.
rationale: This persona grabs the most convenient or powerful-looking cleaning tool without checking if it's appropriate for the surface, risking damage to the non-stick pan.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:06.0 (6 s) The person is sitting at a kitchen counter, looking at their phone.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
step 1 00:06.0 → 00:13.0 (7 s) The person stands up, walks to a fruit basket, picks up a banana, and walks towards the kitchen area.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:07.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:09.0 (9 s) A person takes small, round dough balls from a pile and arranges them on a white cutting board.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:03.0 technique
deviation: The user carefully arranges the dough balls but places them too close together, with the edges touching. This could cause them to stick together, making them difficult to pick up for the next step.
user says: Is this the right way to line them up?
AI replies: Try to leave about a finger's width of space around each dough ball. This will prevent them from sticking together.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:03, the user is placing a dough ball on the board directly touching the others in the row.
rationale: Being careful and deliberate, this persona focuses on creating neat, compact rows, but overlooks the need for spacing between the individual dough balls.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:05.0 omission
deviation: The user gets distracted while arranging the dough balls. After placing about half of them, they lose track and prematurely pick up one of the balls to start rolling it out, forgetting to arrange the rest first.
user says: Am I ready to start rolling now?
AI replies: Not quite. Finish arranging all the dough balls on the board first. This will help you keep a steady pace for the next steps.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:05, several rows of dough balls are arranged, but a large pile remains, and the user's hand is reaching for a single ball as if to start rolling.
rationale: The repetitive nature of arranging the dough balls causes the user's mind to wander, making them lose their place and prematurely move to the next task.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:01.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:02.0 omission
deviation: The user believes arranging all the dough balls is an unnecessary and fussy preparation step. They would skip lining them up and instead grab the first available ball from the pile to start rolling it out immediately.
user says: Do I really need to line all these up first?
AI replies: Hold on. Arranging the dough balls in rows first will make the next steps much quicker and more organized. Take a moment to line them up.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:02, the person's hand is taking a dough ball to place it in a neat row, but the overconfident user would instead grab it to begin the next step prematurely.
rationale: The overconfident persona perceives this organizational step as unnecessary and tedious, choosing to skip it to get to the 'real' work of rolling faster.
step 1 00:09.0 → 02:59.0 (170 s) The person uses a rolling pin to flatten individual dough balls into flat, round shapes on the cutting board.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:36.0 technique
deviation: The user rolls the dough out too thinly. In their effort to be careful and ensure the dough is fully flattened, they continue rolling past the ideal thickness, making it fragile and at risk of tearing.
user says: How do I know when it's thin enough?
AI replies: Stop rolling now. The dough is the right thickness. If you roll it any thinner, it may tear when you pick it up.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:36, the dough has been rolled into a thin, even circle, but the user's hands are still pressing the rolling pin down to continue flattening it.
rationale: As a careful but deliberate user, this persona over-does the step, believing that thinner is better, without realizing they are making the dough too fragile.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:56.0 omission
deviation: After rolling out one piece of dough, the user gets distracted. When they return to the task, they lose their place in the sequence and forget to grab the next dough ball in the line, accidentally skipping it and taking one from further down.
user says: Which one am I on now?
AI replies: Hold on, you missed one. Grab the next dough ball from the end of the row so you don't lose your place.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:56, the user has just placed a finished piece of dough down and their right hand is moving toward the array of dough balls to grab the next one.
rationale: The task is highly repetitive, making it easy for a distracted user to lose their place in the sequence after a momentary lapse of attention.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:09.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:10.0 omission
deviation: The user skips oiling or flouring the work surface before rolling the dough. Confident that their dough is perfectly made, they assume it won't stick, but it will adhere to the board and rolling pin.
user says: Do I need to put anything on the board first?
AI replies: Stop. To prevent sticking, lightly rub some oil or sprinkle a little flour on the board and rolling pin before you begin.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:10, the user places the first dough ball directly onto the dry cutting board without applying any oil or flour first.
rationale: This persona believes their dough is perfectly prepared and views flouring or oiling the surface as an unnecessary preparatory step they can skip.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:43.0 tool_selection
deviation: Instead of using the rolling pin, the user grabs a nearby mug to flatten the dough ball. The mug's rim and handle will make it difficult to apply even pressure, resulting in an unevenly rolled-out piece of dough.
user says: Can I use this cup to flatten the dough?
AI replies: It's best to use the rolling pin. A mug will create an uneven shape and the dough is more likely to stick to it.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:43, the user has just placed a finished piece of dough down and is picking up a new ball, but their other hand is positioned closer to the nearby mugs than the rolling pin.
rationale: This user often grabs the nearest available object that seems like it could work, rather than the correct tool for the job.
step 0 00:00.0 → 02:05.0 (125 s) A person continuously roasts grains in a small black pot over a fire, periodically adding more grains from a bowl and stirring with a broom-like tool.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:40.0 timing
deviation: The user roasts the grains for too long. Out of an abundance of caution to ensure they are fully cooked, they keep stirring the grains over the heat past the ideal point, causing them to start burning.
user says: How can I be sure these are done?
AI replies: The grains are now lightly browned and fragrant. Sweep them out of the pot immediately to keep them from burning and developing a bitter taste.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:40, the user is still stirring the grains in the pot, which have been roasting for over ten seconds and are likely ready to be removed.
rationale: This persona's careful and slow nature leads them to overdo the roasting time, as they are more concerned about undercooking than burning.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 01:10.0 omission
deviation: The user gets distracted mid-stir and stops moving the grains around in the hot pot. They forget that the stirring needs to be continuous, and as a result, the grains at the bottom start to scorch.
user says: Did I forget a step?
AI replies: Remember to keep the grains moving continuously in the hot pot to roast them evenly and prevent them from burning on the bottom.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:10, the user's hand holding the stirring tool pauses inside the pot while the fire is still lit, representing a moment where distraction could lead to inaction.
rationale: Due to being easily distracted, the user's attention drifts during the repetitive task of stirring, causing them to forget to perform the continuous action required.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:03.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_misreader
A user who frequently misreads quantities and measurements.
error_bias: quantity
@ 00:27.0 quantity
deviation: Instead of adding a small scoop of grains at a time, the user adds a very large handful, overloading the small pot. This causes the pot's temperature to drop, resulting in uneven roasting where some grains burn while others remain uncooked.
user says: Can I just add a bigger batch to make this go faster?
AI replies: Add only a small handful at a time. Overloading the pot will cool it down and prevent the grains from puffing up properly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:27, the cook is about to add a new batch of grains; this is the moment the user would misjudge the quantity and grab a much larger amount.
rationale: The persona misjudges the appropriate batch size for the small pot, thinking that adding more grains at once will be more efficient.
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:28.0 quantity
deviation: Instead of adding a small scoop of grains at a time, the user gets impatient and dumps a much larger amount into the pot, hoping to cook a bigger batch faster. This will overcrowd the pot and prevent the grains from roasting and puffing properly.
user says: Can I just cook all of this at once?
AI replies: Roast the grains in small batches to keep the pot hot enough for them to puff. Adding too much at once will steam them instead.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:28, the user's left hand is holding the bowl of grains, poised to pour a new batch into the pot after just clearing the previous one.
rationale: The user is a novice and impatient, so they try to speed up the repetitive batch process by cooking a larger quantity at once.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:03.0 preparation
deviation: The user believes the traditional method of using hot sand as a roasting medium is unnecessary. They skip this preparation step and attempt to roast the grains directly in the empty, hot pot.
user says: Is the pot hot enough for the grains now?
AI replies: Wait. First, add a layer of sand to the pot and heat it until it's smoking. Roasting in hot sand is necessary to puff the grains evenly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:03, the user's left hand is bringing the first scoop of uncooked grains toward the pot, intending to add them without first preparing a hot sand base inside.
rationale: The user is overconfident and thinks they can streamline the process by skipping what they perceive as an old-fashioned and unnecessary preparation step.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:28.0 temperature
deviation: The user adds a new batch of grains to the pot before it has reheated to the proper temperature. Without sufficient heat, the grains will not pop correctly and will instead just scorch or cook slowly.
user says: Is it time to add the next scoop?
AI replies: Wait for the pot to get very hot again before adding more grains. You need high, consistent heat for them to puff up properly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:28, the user brings a new scoop of grains towards the pot to pour them in immediately after the previous batch was removed, without waiting for the pot to reheat.
rationale: This persona ignores temperature cues and proceeds with the next mechanical step in the sequence without confirming the pot is hot enough to properly roast the grains.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:04.0 tool_selection
deviation: Instead of using the bundled whisk, the user grabs a single, thick stick from the nearby kindling pile to stir the grains. The stick is too clumsy for the small pot, pushing the grains around in clumps rather than aerating them, leading to uneven roasting and burning.
user says: Will this stick work for stirring?
AI replies: A single stick is too thick and won't stir evenly. For best results, use a whisk or a bundle of thin twigs to properly toss the grains as they roast.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:04, after adding the first scoop of grains, the person begins stirring with the proper whisk; this is the moment the persona would have grabbed a single stick from the nearby pile instead.
rationale: This persona grabs the most convenient stick-like object from the nearby firewood pile, assuming it's good enough for stirring without considering how its shape and size are wrong for the task.
step 1 02:05.0 → 02:39.0 (34 s) The person stops roasting, moves the pot, and then collects the roasted grains that were spread on the ground, using their hands and a cloth to gather them.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 02:10.0 timing
deviation: The user is being overly meticulous while collecting the roasted grains. They are spending an excessive amount of time trying to pick up every single stray grain from the ground, which significantly slows down the process and isn't necessary.
user says: How do I make sure I get every single one?
AI replies: You have collected the vast majority of the grains. It's okay to leave a few behind. Please proceed to the next step.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 02:10, the person is sweeping the roasted grains together, but the persona would instead start meticulously picking up individual stray grains, taking far too much time.
rationale: Being careful and deliberate, the persona over-does this step by trying to collect every single grain to avoid waste, making the process unnecessarily slow.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 02:38.0 omission
deviation: The user starts collecting the roasted grains but gets distracted by the low fire. They abandon the collection midway to grab more fuel and prepare for the next batch, forgetting to gather the remaining grains still spread on the paper.
user says: What was I just doing?
AI replies: Hold on. Before you tend to the fire, make sure you've collected all the roasted grains from the paper so they don't get spilled.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 02:38, the user's hand reaches toward the fire pit; a distracted user would perform this action prematurely, before finishing the task of gathering all the grains.
rationale: This user's attention has drifted from collecting the finished product to preparing for the next step, causing them to forget to complete the collection task.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 02:06.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 02:07.0 timing
deviation: The user does not wait for the freshly roasted grains to cool down. They immediately begin gathering the extremely hot grains with their bare hands right after they are emptied.
user says: Okay, do I just scoop these up now?
AI replies: Wait for about one minute to let the grains cool. They are still very hot and could burn your hands if you gather them now.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 02:07, the person's right hand moves directly towards the pile of grains that were just emptied from the hot cooking pot.
rationale: The persona is impatient and wants to complete the task as quickly as possible, so they skip the implicit waiting step for the grains to cool.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 02:06.0 omission
deviation: Instead of collecting the finished puffed rice, the user decides it's more efficient to leave it there and immediately start roasting the next batch while the fire is still hot. They intend to collect all the finished rice in one go at the very end.
user says: Should I start the next batch now?
AI replies: Wait, first gather all the puffed rice from the ground. You need to clear your workspace before starting the next roasting cycle.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 02:06, after setting the hot pot aside, instead of beginning to gather the finished rice from the ground, the user would turn their attention back to the fire to prepare for the next batch.
rationale: This persona skips the step of collecting the roasted grains because they believe it's more efficient to use the hot fire immediately and do all the collecting at the end.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 02:06.0 timing
deviation: The user would immediately begin gathering the freshly roasted grains with their bare hands without waiting for them to cool. They would likely burn their hands on the hot grains.
user says: Can I pick these up now?
AI replies: Stop. The grains are still extremely hot from the pot. Let them cool for a minute before you touch them to avoid getting burned.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 02:06, the person's right hand moves towards the pile of grains that were just poured from the hot pot, about to touch them.
rationale: This persona ignores temperature cues and wouldn't perceive the immediate danger of handling the grains right after they've been roasted over a fire.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 02:07.0 tool_selection
deviation: Instead of using their hands and the cloth to gently gather the lightweight puffed rice, the user grabs the stiff-bristled whisk they just used for stirring. Attempting to sweep the rice with the whisk would scatter the grains and be very ineffective.
user says: What should I use to pick all this up?
AI replies: Wait, the whisk will scatter the grains. It's better to use your hands and the cloth to gently scoop them into a pile.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 02:07, the person's hand reaches down to start gathering the roasted grains; this persona would instead reach for the whisk lying nearby.
rationale: The persona grabs the most convenient tool, the whisk they just set down, without considering that its stiff bristles are unsuitable for gathering light grains on a flat surface.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:12.0 (12 s) The artist applies brown paint to the hair of the second figure from the left, occasionally checking a reference image on a tablet.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:03.0 technique
deviation: The user is so focused on carefully filling in the hair that they paint over the area slowly and repeatedly. This over-works the wet watercolor, creating a flat, muddy color instead of the intended spiky texture.
user says: Is this hair supposed to look flat like this?
AI replies: Use quick, upward flicks with your brush tip to create texture. Avoid going over the same wet area repeatedly to keep the color fresh.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:03, the brush is applying paint to the hair; the persona would be slowly painting back and forth, rather than making the quick, textured strokes shown.
rationale: Because the user is careful and slow, they focus on neatly filling the shape with solid color, failing to use the faster, lighter technique needed for texture.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:07.0 omission
deviation: The user applies the base brown color to the hair. After a brief distraction, they forget to add the darker, textured strokes on top to match the reference image and instead move to get paint for the next figure.
user says: Okay, is this person's hair done?
AI replies: Wait, before moving on, let's add some darker strokes to the hair to give it more texture, like in the reference picture.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:07, after painting a base layer on the hair, the artist's hand moves away from the figure and toward the paint palette, as if to start a new step.
rationale: The user's tendency to get distracted causes them to lose their place in the micro-steps of a single task, leading them to forget the detailing layer.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_misreader
A user who frequently misreads quantities and measurements.
error_bias: quantity
@ 00:01.0 quantity
deviation: The user misjudges the amount of water needed to dilute the pigment for a light first wash. They apply a paint mixture that is too concentrated, resulting in a dark, opaque color that is hard to layer and doesn't match the reference.
user says: Is this paint thin enough?
AI replies: Hold on. Add a bit more water to your brush. For this first layer, you're aiming for a very light, tea-like consistency.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:01, the brush is actively applying the initial layer of brown paint to the second figure's hair.
rationale: Because this persona struggles with quantities and ratios, they would plausibly create an incorrect water-to-pigment mixture, which is a common watercolor error.
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:06.0 timing
deviation: The user doesn't wait for the first layer of watercolor on the hair to dry. They immediately try to paint a second, darker layer on top for texture, causing the wet paints to bleed together and lose definition.
user says: How do I add the darker hair details now?
AI replies: Let this first layer of paint dry for a minute. Adding more paint now will cause the colors to bleed and look muddy.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:06, after applying the first wash of color, the hand holding the brush moves back toward the wet hair instead of pulling away to let it dry.
rationale: The impatient novice wants to see the finished result quickly and doesn't understand the importance of letting watercolor layers dry to prevent bleeding.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:00.0 omission
deviation: The user skips testing the watercolor on a scrap piece of paper before applying it to the main artwork. Confident in their color-mixing ability, they would apply the paint directly, risking the color being too dark or the wrong shade.
user says: Is this brown color good to go?
AI replies: Hold on. Before applying the paint, test the color on a scrap piece of paper to ensure it's the exact shade you want.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:00, the artist's brush is already applying paint directly to the figure's hair, a moment where the overconfident user would have started without first testing the color.
rationale: The overconfident persona believes they can accurately mix colors by eye and considers testing them first to be a superfluous step for less-skilled artists.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:07.0 timing
deviation: The user applies a second, darker layer of watercolor to the figure's hair before the first layer has had sufficient time to dry. This causes the colors to bleed together, creating a muddy and undefined look instead of crisp, layered hair strands.
user says: Should I add the darker parts of the hair now?
AI replies: Let the current layer dry completely first. Applying more paint while the paper is wet will cause the colors to bleed and lose detail.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:07, after completing a first wash on the hair, the artist's hand moves towards the paint palette, intending to immediately add another layer while the paper is still saturated.
rationale: Because the persona is insensitive to temperature cues, they don't register the coolness of the wet paper, which would otherwise signal that the paint needs time to dry before layering.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:01.0 tool_selection
deviation: The user grabs a large, flat brush meant for washes instead of a smaller, pointed brush. Using this brush would make it impossible to create the fine, spiky details of the figure's hair, resulting in a blocky and undefined shape.
user says: Which brush should I use for the hair?
AI replies: Wait, that brush is too big for the hair. Use a smaller, pointed brush to create the fine, spiky details shown in the reference picture.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:01, the user's hand is holding a brush poised to paint the hair, but they have selected a brush that is too large for the detailed strokes needed.
rationale: This persona grabs the most convenient tool without considering if its size and shape are appropriate for the specific task, such as creating fine, textured hair.
step 1 00:12.0 → 00:32.0 (20 s) The artist pauses painting to mix and prepare new watercolor shades from the palette.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:25.0 timing
deviation: The user spends an excessive amount of time mixing the watercolor paint. They are so focused on getting the perfect shade that they keep adding a little bit of water and pigment, losing track of time and slowing the overall progress of the painting.
user says: Is this color okay now?
AI replies: This color looks good. To keep the paint workable, try applying it to the paper now before it starts to dry on the palette.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:25, the artist is swirling the brush in the yellow paint on the palette, a process they would continue for much longer than necessary to get the color perfect.
rationale: Being careful and deliberate, this persona over-thinks the color mixing process, spending far too long trying to achieve the perfect shade.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:20.0 omission
deviation: After deciding on the next color, the user gets distracted while looking at the palette and forgets to add water to their brush before mixing. They start mixing pigments directly from the pans, creating a thick, dry mixture instead of a translucent watercolor wash.
user says: Okay, which colors do I need to mix now?
AI replies: Don't forget to dip your brush in water first. You need to add water to the palette to create a smooth wash for the hair.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:20, the user's brush is moving directly into the yellow paint pan, having forgotten to dip it in the nearby water glass first.
rationale: The user is focused on the task of selecting the right colors and forgets the crucial sub-step of adding water due to a momentary lapse in attention.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:18.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_misreader
A user who frequently misreads quantities and measurements.
error_bias: quantity
@ 00:22.0 quantity
deviation: The user misjudges the amount of water needed for the light yellow hair color. They add far too little water to the pigment, creating an overly saturated and opaque mixture instead of the required translucent wash.
user says: How much water do I need for this yellow?
AI replies: For a light hair color, you'll need a much more diluted, watery mix. Add more water to your brush before pulling pigment from the pan.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:22, the brush, having been briefly dipped in water, moves directly to the yellow pigment pan to mix the color.
rationale: This persona struggles with judging ratios and quantities, and the water-to-pigment ratio in watercolor is a key measurement they would easily misinterpret.
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:21.0 preparation
deviation: The user doesn't take the time to properly mix the watercolor shades. After dipping the brush into one color on the palette, they immediately try to apply it to the painting without blending it to get the correct tone.
user says: Is this color ready to use now?
AI replies: Wait, take a moment to mix that yellow with a bit of brown on your palette. Blending them will create the right shade for the hair.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:21, after dipping the brush into the yellow paint on the palette, the user's hand would start moving back towards the paper instead of mixing with other colors.
rationale: Being impatient, the user rushes the color mixing step, wanting to apply paint to the paper immediately rather than spending time on preparation.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:20.0 preparation
deviation: Believing it's an unnecessary step, the user doesn't thoroughly clean their brush after painting the brown hair. They just give it a quick rinse before mixing the new yellow, which will result in a muddy, incorrect color.
user says: Is my brush clean enough for this yellow?
AI replies: Hold on. Make sure you rinse your brush until the water is clear. Any leftover brown pigment will contaminate the new color you're mixing.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:20, the brush moves from the water glass toward the yellow watercolor pan after only a very brief rinse.
rationale: The overconfident persona believes they can skip tedious preparation steps like thoroughly cleaning tools between colors without it affecting the final outcome.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:23.0 preparation
deviation: The user, ignoring temperature cues, mixes their watercolors using warm water from the tap. This will cause the paint to dry too quickly on both the palette and the paper, leading to a streaky, uneven application.
user says: Is this paint ready to use now?
AI replies: Use cool or room-temperature water for mixing. Warm water makes watercolor paint dry too quickly, which can result in a blotchy and uneven application.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:23, the artist is mixing a yellow watercolor in the palette after dipping the brush into the water cup.
rationale: This persona disregards temperature, so they would use convenient warm tap water without realizing it negatively affects the properties and drying time of watercolor paint.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:20.0 tool_selection
deviation: The user continues to use their fine-tipped detail brush to mix colors in the palette. This is not ideal as it can fray the delicate bristles and shorten the brush's lifespan for detail work.
user says: Should I use this brush to mix the colors?
AI replies: Consider using a larger or older brush for mixing. This will protect the fine tip of your detail brush from getting damaged or frayed.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:20, the artist is moving the same fine-tipped brush used for painting details towards the palette to mix new colors.
rationale: This persona grabs the most convenient tool, the brush already in their hand, without considering whether it's the most appropriate for the task.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:06.0 (6 s) The person is seen mixing a yellow batter in a bowl with a whisk.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:04.0 technique
deviation: The user continues to mix the batter vigorously for too long. They are being overly careful trying to eliminate every single lump, but this will overdevelop the gluten and result in tough, dense pancakes.
user says: Should I keep mixing until all the lumps are gone?
AI replies: You can stop mixing now. A few small lumps are okay and will actually help make the pancakes light and fluffy.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:04, the batter appears smooth and well-incorporated, but the user continues to mix it deliberately instead of stopping.
rationale: As a careful user, they believe that a perfectly smooth batter is the goal and overworks it, not realizing that this is a common mistake that ruins the texture.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:04.0 omission
deviation: While mixing the batter, the user gets distracted by the general clutter of the kitchen. They complete the basic mixing but forget the sub-step of adding the sliced bananas into the batter before moving on to cook.
user says: Okay, is this batter ready to cook?
AI replies: Wait, don't forget to gently fold the sliced bananas into the batter before you start cooking the pancakes.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:04, the user is finishing mixing the batter, but is about to put the bowl down without adding the sliced bananas clearly visible on the cutting board to the left.
rationale: The cluttered environment provides ample opportunity for distraction, causing the user to lose their place in the recipe and forget to add the prepared bananas.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:04.0 timing
deviation: The user would not mix the batter thoroughly enough. Eager to start cooking, they would stop mixing after only a few seconds, leaving lumps in the batter.
user says: Is this mixed enough to start cooking?
AI replies: Not quite. Continue mixing until the batter is smooth and you don't see any dry flour. This will make your pancakes light and fluffy.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:04, the user is still whisking the batter, but this is a point where they might impatiently decide it's 'good enough' to stop.
rationale: The user is impatient and, as a novice, doesn't recognize the importance of mixing the batter thoroughly to remove lumps.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:04.0 technique
deviation: The user doesn't mix the batter thoroughly enough. Confident that a few lumps won't matter, they only give the batter a few quick stirs and prepare to move on, leaving it under-mixed.
user says: This looks mixed enough, right?
AI replies: Continue mixing until the batter is smooth and you don't see any large lumps of dry flour. This will ensure your pancakes cook evenly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:04, the user is briefly stirring the batter but would then stop, judging it 'good enough' to proceed with cooking.
rationale: Believing that perfectly smooth batter is an unnecessary detail, the overconfident user intentionally under-mixes it to save a little time and effort.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:04.0 ordering
deviation: The user would stop mixing the batter and attempt to pour it directly onto the cold cooking surface, completely skipping the crucial step of preheating the pan.
user says: Is it time to put this in the pan yet?
AI replies: Hold on. Before pouring the batter, you need to heat the pan. Place it on the stove over medium heat for a couple of minutes first.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:04, while the user is mixing the batter, the pan is sitting cold in the sink; the user would now reach for it to begin cooking prematurely.
rationale: This persona ignores temperature cues, so they fail to recognize that preheating the pan is a necessary prerequisite for cooking the batter properly.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:00.0 tool_selection
deviation: Instead of using a whisk or the large spoon shown, this user would grab the knife from the nearby cutting board to mix the batter. This tool is highly ineffective for incorporating ingredients and would result in lumpy batter.
user says: Is this knife okay to mix the batter with?
AI replies: A knife won't mix the batter properly. Grab a whisk for the best results, or use a large spoon if a whisk isn't available.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:00, the video starts with the person mixing the batter; this persona would be performing the same action but with a knife they just used for the bananas.
rationale: The user sees the knife is already on the counter from cutting bananas and grabs it out of convenience, without considering if it is the appropriate tool for mixing.
step 1 00:06.0 → 00:28.0 (22 s) The person moves a pan, several cartons, and a container from the counter area.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:18.0 timing
deviation: Instead of just moving items to clear a space, the persona decides to meticulously wash and dry each dirty item they touch. This turns a quick clearing step into a lengthy cleaning session, delaying the recipe.
user says: Should I wash this container now?
AI replies: Let's just move everything out of the way for now to make space. We can wash the dishes after you finish the recipe.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:18, the person picks up a dirty plastic container and, instead of just moving it, would proceed to wash it at the sink.
rationale: The persona's careful and deliberate nature leads them to over-do the cleaning step, wanting to tidy everything perfectly before proceeding, which greatly slows them down.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:12.0 omission
deviation: After moving the frying pan out of the way, the user gets distracted and forgets to clear the rest of the clutter. They leave the cartons and containers in the sink, thinking the counter is sufficiently cleared.
user says: Okay, is the counter clear enough now?
AI replies: Not quite. Before continuing, please also move the cartons and other containers from the sink to give yourself more room to work.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:12, the user has just placed the pan down and turns back to the counter, but all the cartons and other containers still remain in the sink.
rationale: The persona is easily distracted and, after completing a sub-task like moving the pan, they lose track of the overall goal and forget to clear the rest of the items.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:07.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:09.0 ordering
deviation: Instead of moving the pan aside to finish clearing the counter, the user impatiently tries to place it on the hot plate to begin preheating. They are rushing to start cooking before the preparation space is properly cleared.
user says: Can I just start heating the pan while I clean the rest of this up?
AI replies: Let's clear the counter completely first. It's safer to have an uncluttered space before you begin heating the pan for cooking.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:09, the user grabs the pan handle while the rest of the counter space is still cluttered with cartons and containers.
rationale: The impatient novice wants to multitask and start cooking as soon as possible, so they attempt to begin heating the pan before the prep space is ready.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:09.0 preparation
deviation: Believing they can manage without a clean workspace, the user decides not to clear the cluttered counter. They will just shove a few items aside and try to cook amidst the existing mess.
user says: Is this enough space to work with?
AI replies: Your cooking area is very cluttered. Please clear the counter first to create a safe space and prevent any spills or accidents.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:09, the user reaches for the pan, but the surrounding counter is still completely covered with cartons, dishes, and other items, leaving no safe workspace.
rationale: The persona is overconfident in their ability to multitask and work in a confined, messy space, so they view clearing the counter as an unnecessary chore.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:09.0 preparation
deviation: The user would grab the body of the pan with their bare hands to move it, completely disregarding the possibility that it or the induction cooktop it's on could still be hot from recent use.
user says: Is this pan in the way?
AI replies: Wait. That pan might be hot. Please use the handle to move it, and don't touch the cooktop surface until it has cooled down.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:09, the user's hand is reaching for the pan on the cooktop; instead of grabbing the handle, this persona would touch the metal body of the pan.
rationale: This persona is oblivious to temperature-related risks and would not think to check if the pan or cooktop is hot before touching it directly.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:26.0 (26 s) The worker demonstrates the initial steps of brick making, pressing mud into a mold, scraping excess, removing the brick, and placing it, with a brief shot of drying bricks.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:18.0 technique
deviation: The user is too gentle and slow when packing the mud into the mold. They press tentatively, afraid of applying too much force, which would result in a poorly compacted brick with air pockets and an incomplete shape.
user says: Am I pushing this in hard enough?
AI replies: Press the mud in much more firmly and quickly. You need to forcefully pack all the corners to remove air pockets for a strong brick.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:18, the hands are beginning to press the mud into the mold, but a careful persona would do this too slowly and gently.
rationale: Being careful and deliberate, the user is overly cautious about applying force, resulting in a technique that is too gentle to properly compact the mud.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:15.0 omission
deviation: After grabbing a large piece of mud from the pile, the user gets momentarily distracted by the rows of finished bricks. They then forget to roll the mud in the sand before pressing it into the mold.
user says: What was I supposed to do with the mud again?
AI replies: Wait. Before putting the mud in the mold, roll it in the sand on the ground. This will help prevent it from sticking.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:15, the worker is holding the shaped clump of mud and would incorrectly move it directly toward the mold, forgetting to first roll it in sand.
rationale: The user's attention drifts after the repetitive action of grabbing mud, causing them to forget the crucial but quick step of dusting the mud with sand.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_misreader
A user who frequently misreads quantities and measurements.
error_bias: quantity
@ 00:12.0 quantity
deviation: The user grabs an insufficient amount of mud from the pile. They misjudge the volume needed and will not have enough material to properly fill the brick mold, resulting in an incomplete or weak brick.
user says: Is this enough mud for one brick?
AI replies: That might not be enough mud. Grab a larger handful, enough to overfill the mold slightly, as you will scrape off the excess later.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:12, the hands are reaching into the large pile of mud to grab a portion for the next brick.
rationale: As someone who frequently misreads quantities, the user underestimates the volume of mud required to completely fill the brick mold.
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:12.0 ordering
deviation: The user impatiently reaches for a new handful of mud to start the next brick immediately after setting down the mold. They should first coat the inside of the mold with sand to prevent the new brick from sticking.
user says: Okay, am I ready for the next one?
AI replies: Not yet. First, coat the inside of your mold with a thin layer of sand. This will ensure the next brick releases cleanly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:12, the worker's hands reach toward the pile of mud, but the mold has not yet been properly dusted with sand for the next brick.
rationale: Being an impatient novice, the user rushes to begin the main action of filling the mold, performing the steps out of order and forgetting the necessary preparation.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:26.0 preparation
deviation: The user thinks dusting the mold with sand is an unnecessary step for a skilled person like them. They skip this preparation and attempt to press the wet mud directly into the undusted mold.
user says: Do I really need to dust this thing every single time?
AI replies: Hold on. Before adding mud, thoroughly dust the inside of the mold with sand. This crucial step prevents the brick from sticking inside.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:26, after placing the last brick, the worker moves the empty mold directly toward the mud pile, skipping the sand-dusting preparation step.
rationale: Believing their technique is good enough to not need it, the overconfident persona dismisses the sand-dusting as an optional, time-wasting step.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:22.0 technique
deviation: The user places the newly molded brick in a shaded area to dry, not realizing that direct sunlight and the associated heat are essential for the clay to dry properly.
user says: Is this a good spot to put the next brick?
AI replies: Make sure you place the brick in an area with direct sunlight. The heat is necessary for the clay to dry and harden correctly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:22, the worker is holding the filled mold and moves to place it next to the other bricks that are visibly drying in the sun.
rationale: Being insensitive to temperature, the user doesn't connect the heat from the sun with the critical need for drying the bricks, and instead focuses only on finding an empty space.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:03.0 tool_selection
deviation: Instead of using the thin, straight-edged tool to scrape excess mud off the mold, the user grabs a nearby finished brick to do the job. Using a bulky brick is ineffective and could damage the soft mud in the mold.
user says: Can I just use one of these finished bricks to scrape this flat?
AI replies: Using another brick will create a rough surface. Look for the thin metal scraper to get a clean, level top on your new brick.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:03, the worker has just finished pressing mud into the mold and their hands are lifting, about to reach for a scraping tool.
rationale: This persona grabs the most convenient object to use as a tool, and since finished bricks are readily available, they would opt for that instead of the correct scraper.
step 1 00:26.0 → 00:56.0 (30 s) The worker continues the manual brick molding process, gathering mud, pressing it into the mold, scraping, and carefully placing the finished bricks to dry.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:34.0 timing
deviation: The user spends an excessive amount of time kneading and shaping the clay in the sand. Believing that more working of the clay will result in a better brick, they continue to knead long after the clay is ready, significantly slowing down the process.
user says: Is this clay ready for the mold yet?
AI replies: The clay has been worked enough and is ready for the next step. You can now press it firmly into the brick mold.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:34, the worker in the video has finished rolling the clay in the sand, but the persona would continue to knead and shape the lump with their hands.
rationale: Being careful and deliberate, the user believes that over-working the clay will lead to a better, more solid brick, causing them to spend too much time on this preparatory step.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:47.0 omission
deviation: The user forgets to sprinkle sand inside the mold before filling it with clay. After placing the previous brick, their attention wanders, and they move directly to grabbing more clay for the next one, omitting the crucial release-agent step.
user says: What's the next step again?
AI replies: Wait, don't grab the clay yet. First, sprinkle some sand inside the mold to prevent the next brick from sticking.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:47, the user's hands are reaching towards the clay pile, but the empty mold in the foreground has not been dusted with sand.
rationale: Due to the repetitive nature of the task, the distracted user loses their place in the micro-sequence and forgets the mold preparation step.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:26.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_misreader
A user who frequently misreads quantities and measurements.
error_bias: quantity
@ 00:30.0 quantity
deviation: The user consistently grabs too little mud from the pile. This results in the brick mold not being completely filled, creating an incomplete and structurally weak brick.
user says: Is this enough mud for one brick?
AI replies: Wait, that's not quite enough mud. Grab a slightly larger handful to ensure the mold is completely filled and the brick is solid.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:30, the worker's hands reach into the large mud pile to gather the material for the next brick.
rationale: The user misjudges the volume of mud needed to properly fill the brick mold, consistently underestimating the required quantity.
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:27.0 ordering
deviation: After placing a brick, the user impatiently skips dusting the inside of the mold with sand. They immediately grab more clay to fill the unprepared mold, which will cause the next brick to stick.
user says: Okay, what's the fastest way to do the next one?
AI replies: Hold on. First, sprinkle some sand inside the mold to coat it. This is important to prevent the wet clay from sticking inside.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:27, after returning with the empty mold, the worker correctly dips it into the sand, but the persona would instead reach directly for the mud pile.
rationale: As an impatient novice, the persona focuses on the main action of filling the mold and skips the less obvious but critical preparation step to save time.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:45.0 preparation
deviation: The user skips dusting the inside of the mold with sand before adding the mud. They overconfidently assume this preparation step is unnecessary and that the brick will release cleanly without it, in an attempt to work faster.
user says: Does the sand really do anything?
AI replies: Hold on. First, dust the inside of the mold with sand. This is an important step to prevent the clay from sticking when you release it.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:45, having just placed the empty mold on the ground, the user would immediately move to grab mud instead of first dusting the mold with sand.
rationale: Believing they have mastered the process, the user decides to skip the sand-dusting preparation step, thinking it is superfluous and will only slow them down.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:43.0 timing
deviation: The user attempts to stack the freshly molded, wet bricks on top of one another. Because they are insensitive to the sun's heat, they don't realize the bricks need a long time to bake and harden before they can be moved or stacked.
user says: Can I stack these now to make room?
AI replies: Wait, those bricks are still wet. They need to fully dry and harden in the sun before you stack them, otherwise they will deform.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:43, after placing a new, wet brick on the ground to dry, the user's hand moves toward it as if to pick it up and stack it.
rationale: Being blind to temperature, the user doesn't perceive the sun's baking effect and fails to recognize the drying period as a necessary waiting step.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:36.0 tool_selection
deviation: Instead of using the thin wire/metal tool to scrape the excess mud from the top of the mold, the user would grab a nearby dull stick or rock. This would result in a rough, uneven surface on the brick, compromising its final shape and quality.
user says: What should I use to scrape this flat?
AI replies: Wait, don't use that. Find the thin metal wire or sharp-edged tool to scrape the surface clean. A dull tool will create a rough top.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:36, the worker has finished packing the mold with mud and is about to reach for the tool to scrape the top surface.
rationale: This persona grabs the most convenient object to use as a tool without considering if it is the correct or most effective one for the task.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:07.0 (7 s) The person takes a large grey item from a lower shelf and places it on a higher shelf.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:03.0 technique
deviation: Trying to be careful, the user doesn't lift the item high enough to clear the top shelf. Instead, they try to slide it on from below, causing the corner to catch on the shelf's edge, making it unstable.
user says: Is there a better way to put this back?
AI replies: Lift the item fully above the edge of the shelf first, then slide it straight back. This will ensure it rests flat and is secure.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:03, the user begins raising the grey item towards the upper shelf but doesn't lift it high enough to clear the edge.
rationale: The persona is careful to avoid dropping the item or straining themselves, so they opt for a sliding motion, but this leads to an incorrect placement technique.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:02.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
step 1 00:07.0 → 00:12.0 (5 s) The person takes a black spiral notebook and a green sequin item from the shelf and places them on the bed.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:08.0 technique
deviation: Being overly cautious, the user decides it is safer to retrieve the items in two separate trips. They first attempt to carefully lift only the sequin item off the notebook, intending to place it on the bed before coming back for the notebook.
user says: Is it okay to carry these together?
AI replies: You can save a trip. It's okay to carefully slide out the notebook with the sequin item resting on top of it.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:08, as the hands move to retrieve the notebook, they instead try to pick up only the sequin item from the top.
rationale: This persona's deliberate and careful nature causes them to break a simple retrieval into multiple, inefficient steps to minimize the perceived risk of dropping something.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:09.0 omission
deviation: The user retrieves the black notebook and places it on the bed, but then gets distracted by the other items already on the bed and forgets to go back for the sequin item.
user says: Okay, what do I do now?
AI replies: Go back to the shelf for one more thing. You still need to grab the green sequin item to place with the notebook.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:09, the user has placed the black notebook on the bed and lifts their hands, forgetting to also retrieve the sequin item from the shelf.
rationale: After placing the first item, the user's attention is caught by the other clutter on the bed, causing them to forget the second part of the retrieval step.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:07.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:10.0 omission
deviation: The user only retrieves the black notebook. They deliberately skip grabbing the green sequin item, deciding it's an unnecessary decorative element they can do without.
user says: Okay, I've got the notebook, what's next?
AI replies: Wait, you're not done with this step. You also need to grab the green sequin item from the shelf and place it here.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:10, the user has just placed the black notebook on the bed and is lifting their hands away, but they have not retrieved the sequin item.
rationale: The overconfident persona sees the sequin item as optional flair and skips grabbing it, believing it isn't essential for completing the main task.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:09.0 (9 s) The person walks from the backyard towards the front yard, carrying a green bin.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
step 1 00:09.0 → 00:22.0 (13 s) The person places the green bin down, picks up a long white board, and walks towards the front yard.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:14.0 omission
deviation: The user picks up the board to take it to the saw, but being distracted by the primary task of moving the large object, they forget to also grab the measuring tape and pencil they will need for the next step.
user says: What do I need for this next part?
AI replies: Before you walk over, remember to grab your measuring tape and a pencil. You'll need them to mark the board before cutting.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:14, the person picks up the long white board to carry it to the saw but has not also gathered the measuring tape needed for the subsequent cutting step.
rationale: The user's attention is consumed by the main task of moving the board, causing them to forget the preparatory sub-step of gathering the necessary marking tools.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:14.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:14.0 ordering
deviation: Instead of putting the trash bin down first, the user attempts to pick up the long white board while still holding the bin, trying to carry both at once to save a step.
user says: Should I take this bin with me now?
AI replies: Set the bin down first. You'll need both hands to safely carry the long board over to the saw.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:14, the user reaches down to pick up the white board with their right hand while their left hand is still holding the green bin.
rationale: The impatient novice tries to combine steps to move faster, not realizing that carrying both a large bin and a long board is awkward and inefficient.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:15.0 omission
deviation: The user picks up the board and walks directly to the miter saw, skipping the preparation step of putting on safety glasses because they feel it's an unnecessary delay for a quick cut.
user says: Is the saw ready for me to cut?
AI replies: Hold on. Before you make your cut, please take a moment to put on your safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:15, the person is carrying the board and walking directly toward the power saw without wearing any safety glasses.
rationale: Thinking it's just a simple cut, the overconfident user deems the preparation of putting on safety glasses as unnecessary and skips it to get the job done faster.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:57.0 (57 s) The artist begins painting a grid of colorful watercolor squares, filling them with various patterns and designs.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:19.0 technique
deviation: The user will continue to brush over the wet watercolor in a newly painted square, trying to smooth out the color perfectly. This overworking will cause the colors to become muddy and may damage the paper surface, ruining the crisp effect.
user says: Is this square smooth enough?
AI replies: Let this square dry completely before making any adjustments. Overworking wet watercolor will make the colors muddy and can damage the paper.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:19, the blue square is freshly filled with wet paint, and the persona would go back over it with the brush instead of letting it dry.
rationale: Being careful and deliberate, the user tries to perfect the color wash in the square while it is still wet, not realizing this will overwork the paint and ruin the effect.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:21.0 omission
deviation: The user gets distracted after painting the background color wash in a square. Forgetting they still need to add a pattern on top, they move on to painting the background of a new square, leaving the previous one incomplete.
user says: Did I finish this square?
AI replies: Wait, you haven't added the pattern to the light blue square yet. Let's finish that one before moving on to a new one.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:21, the artist has just finished applying the background wash to a square and lifts their brush, but has not yet added the decorative pattern.
rationale: Because the task involves repetitive, multi-part steps for each square, the distracted user loses their place and forgets to complete the second part (adding the pattern).
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:05.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_misreader
A user who frequently misreads quantities and measurements.
error_bias: quantity
@ 00:16.0 quantity
deviation: The user adds far too much water to the watercolor pigment on the palette. This results in a very pale, watery wash that lacks vibrant color and will be difficult to control within the square's borders.
user says: Is this enough water for the paint?
AI replies: Hold on, that's too much water. Your color will be very pale. Dab your brush on a paper towel to remove some excess liquid first.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:16, the artist begins to apply a light blue wash to a square, which is the moment the overly diluted paint would be applied to the paper.
rationale: This persona misinterprets the required water-to-pigment ratio, a critical quantity in watercolor, leading them to create an overly diluted and uncontrollable paint mixture.
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:17.0 timing
deviation: The user doesn't wait for the watercolor base wash in a square to dry before attempting to paint a pattern on top. This causes the pattern's color to bleed into the wet background, resulting in a blurry, undefined design instead of crisp lines.
user says: Can I add the pattern to this square now?
AI replies: Wait for the light blue wash to dry before painting on top. If you paint on it while it's wet, the colors will bleed together.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:17, the hand has just finished applying a light blue base coat to a square, and an impatient person would immediately try to add a pattern on top of the still-wet paint.
rationale: As an impatient beginner, the user wants to see the finished square immediately and doesn't want to wait for the necessary drying time between watercolor layers.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:08.0 omission
deviation: The user confidently mixes a new color on their palette and applies it directly to the artwork. They skip the preparatory step of testing the color on a scrap piece of paper first, assuming they already know exactly how it will look.
user says: Okay, this green looks good to go, right?
AI replies: Hold on. Before painting on your final piece, test that color on a scrap of paper to confirm it's the exact shade you want.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:08, the artist's brush is loaded with a new green color and moves directly from the palette towards a blank square on the artwork.
rationale: The overconfident user believes they have a great eye for color and considers testing shades on scrap paper an unnecessary and time-consuming step for amateurs.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 00:43.0 timing
deviation: The user is painting in a patch of direct sunlight, but they don't adjust their painting speed to compensate for the heat. As they fill in a square, the paint dries too quickly, creating hard edges and a blotchy, uneven wash instead of a smooth one.
user says: Why is this color looking so splotchy?
AI replies: The direct sunlight is making your paint dry very quickly. Try to work faster when filling in a square, or move your paper into the shade.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:43, the artist begins applying a wash of brown paint to a square that is directly in a bright patch of sunlight.
rationale: Being temperature-blind, the user fails to recognize that the heat from the direct sunlight dramatically reduces the working time of the wet watercolor paint.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:04.0 tool_selection
deviation: The user is about to paint intricate patterns inside a small square. Instead of selecting the fine-tipped brush suitable for detail work, they grab a much larger wash brush that is also on the table, simply because it's nearby.
user says: Which brush should I use for this?
AI replies: For the detailed patterns in these small squares, switch to your smaller, pointed brush. The larger brush will be too clumsy for this part.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:04, the artist's hand moves over the paint palette to load a brush for the next square; the persona would grab the larger, incorrect brush lying nearby.
rationale: This persona grabs whatever tool is most convenient without considering if its size or shape is appropriate for the specific task at hand.
step 1 00:57.0 → 01:58.0 (61 s) The artist continues to add more patterned squares to the grid, carefully selecting colors and drawing intricate designs.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 01:49.0 technique
deviation: The user will overwork a wet square. After applying the initial watercolor wash, they will continue to brush back and forth over the still-wet area in an attempt to make it perfectly even, which will start to lift the pigment and damage the paper.
user says: How do I make this color perfectly smooth?
AI replies: Let this square dry completely now. Continuing to brush a wet wash can make the color blotchy and damage the paper fibers.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:49, the artist has just finished applying a blue wash to the square but continues to move the brush back into the wet area.
rationale: The user's careful and deliberate nature leads them to overwork the wet watercolor in an attempt to perfect the color wash, which inadvertently creates a blotchy effect.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 01:35.0 omission
deviation: After painting the solid background color of a square, the user becomes distracted and forgets to add a pattern on top. They move on to painting the background of the next square, leaving the previous one unfinished.
user says: Wait, did I finish that last square?
AI replies: Hold on, you haven't added a pattern to the blue square you just painted. Go back and add the design before starting a new one.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:35, after having just filled in a blue square, the artist begins outlining the next empty square instead of adding a pattern to the completed blue one.
rationale: The repetitive nature of the task makes it easy for a distracted user to lose their place and forget a sub-step after their attention drifts for a moment.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 01:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_misreader
A user who frequently misreads quantities and measurements.
error_bias: quantity
@ 01:25.0 quantity
deviation: The user adds too much water to the watercolor pan when mixing their paint. This results in a very pale, washed-out color that doesn't match the vibrancy of the other squares, rather than the intended rich hue.
user says: How much water do I use for this color?
AI replies: For a rich, saturated color, use only a few drops of water on your brush. You want the paint to be creamy, not watery.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:25, the user is swirling their brush in the blue watercolor pan, about to add too much water from the cup.
rationale: The persona consistently misinterprets quantities, and in this case, they would misread the amount of water needed to achieve a saturated watercolor pigment.
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 01:52.0 timing
deviation: The user doesn't wait for the base watercolor wash to dry before painting the pattern on top. This causes the pattern's paint to bleed into the wet background, smudging the design.
user says: Is this dry enough to add the lines now?
AI replies: Let the blue watercolor wash dry completely before adding your pattern. Painting on a wet surface will cause the colors to bleed and smudge.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:52, the artist has just finished applying the blue watercolor wash to a square, and the impatient user immediately tries to add the pattern on top while it is still visibly wet.
rationale: This persona is impatient and, as a beginner, doesn't fully appreciate the importance of letting watercolor layers dry, so they rush to add the detail pattern onto the still-wet background.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 01:44.0 technique
deviation: Believing their brush control is superior, the user doesn't wait for an adjacent square to dry before painting the next one. As a result, the wet paints bleed into each other, muddying the colors and ruining the crisp edges of the squares.
user says: Do I need to wait before painting the square next to this one?
AI replies: Hold on. The adjacent square is still wet. Let it dry for a minute to keep the colors from bleeding into each other.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:44, the artist's brush, loaded with blue paint, is about to touch the paper to start a new square directly beside a recently painted one.
rationale: The overconfident user believes their advanced skill allows them to ignore fundamental watercolor rules like waiting for paint to dry, viewing it as a step for less-skilled painters.
p_temperature_blind
A user who ignores temperature/heat cues.
error_bias: temperaturetiming
@ 01:34.0 timing
deviation: The user doesn't wait for a freshly painted square to dry before starting to paint the adjacent square. This causes the wet colors to bleed together, ruining the sharp edges.
user says: Is this part dry enough to work next to?
AI replies: Stop. The square you just painted is still wet. Work on a different section for a few minutes to let it dry completely.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:34, the artist has just finished painting a blue square and immediately moves to paint the square directly below it without allowing any drying time.
rationale: Because the persona cannot feel the coolness of the evaporating water on the paper, they lack a key sensory cue for gauging dryness and misjudge the timing.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 01:52.0 tool_selection
deviation: The user attempts to paint the fine floral pattern inside the square using a large, soft wash brush instead of a fine-tipped detail brush. This would result in thick, clunky lines and an inability to create the intricate design.
user says: Is this the right brush for these little lines?
AI replies: Stop. For this detailed pattern, you should use your smaller, fine-tipped brush. The current brush is too large and will make the lines blurry.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 01:52, the artist's hand is holding the brush poised over the blue square, about to paint the first stroke of the internal pattern.
rationale: This persona grabs the most convenient tool without considering its suitability for the specific task, leading them to use a large brush for fine detail work.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:11.0 (11 s) The person stands in front of a blue toolbox, looking around the garage before starting work.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
step 1 00:11.0 → 00:20.0 (9 s) The person opens a toolbox drawer, selects a socket, and attempts to loosen a lug nut with a hand tool.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:16.0 technique
deviation: After selecting a socket and extension, the user places it on the lug nut and tries to loosen it by turning the extension with their bare hands. They believe applying slow, steady force is the most careful method, but it is ineffective due to a lack of leverage.
user says: Is it better to turn this slowly by hand?
AI replies: Stop. To get enough leverage, attach a ratchet or breaker bar to the extension. Turning it by hand won't loosen the nut.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:16, the user places the socket and extension bar onto the lug nut and grips the bar, preparing to apply turning force without a ratchet.
rationale: The persona's cautious nature makes them avoid tools that apply fast or powerful force, leading them to use an ineffective hand-only technique.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:15.0 omission
deviation: The user selects a socket from the toolbox but gets distracted by other activity in the garage. They forget to test the socket on the lug nut and instead move directly to find the impact wrench.
user says: Okay, I got the socket, what's next?
AI replies: Wait. Before you get the wrench, first walk over to the wheel and confirm that the socket you grabbed is the correct size.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:15, the user is holding the socket and walking toward the car wheel; the distracted user would instead walk away from the wheel to get the impact wrench.
rationale: The user was focused on the primary goal of finding a socket but their attention was broken, causing them to forget the immediate sub-step of testing the fit.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:11.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_novice_impatient
An impatient beginner who rushes ahead and skips waiting steps.
error_bias: timingordering
@ 00:14.0 ordering
deviation: Instead of first testing the socket fit on the lug nut by hand, the user impatiently grabs the socket and immediately reaches for the breaker bar. They're trying to save a trip by getting both tools at once.
user says: Okay, I've got the socket, what tool do I need to turn it?
AI replies: Wait. Before you grab the breaker bar, take the socket to the wheel and make sure it fits snugly on the lug nut by hand.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:14, the user has just picked up the socket and, instead of turning to the wheel to test it, immediately moves their hand towards where the breaker bar is stored.
rationale: The impatient novice skips the socket fitting check because they want to save time by grabbing all the tools for the task in one trip.
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:13.0 tool_selection
deviation: Believing they can identify the correct socket by sight alone, the user quickly grabs a socket that is the wrong size. When they try to use it, it will either not fit or be too loose, risking stripping the lug nut.
user says: This looks like the right one, yeah?
AI replies: Let's double-check that socket size before you begin. Using the wrong one can strip the lug nut. This vehicle likely requires a 22mm socket.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:13, the user's hand quickly selects a socket from the crowded drawer without taking a moment to read the size or compare it with others.
rationale: The overconfident persona believes they can eyeball the correct tool size, skipping the preparatory step of actually verifying the socket's measurement.
p_wrong_tool
A user who grabs whatever tool is nearby without checking fit.
error_bias: tool_selection
@ 00:13.0 tool_selection
deviation: Instead of finding the correct size, the user grabs a socket that looks roughly correct from the drawer without confirming the size. They will then try to use this ill-fitting socket on the lug nut.
user says: Which socket should I grab for this?
AI replies: Before you grab that, check the size. You'll need a 22-millimeter socket for the lug nuts on this vehicle.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:13, the user's hand is reaching into the tool drawer to select a socket from the many options available.
rationale: This persona's habit is to grab whatever tool is closest or seems right at a glance, rather than taking a moment to confirm the correct size.
step 0 00:00.0 → 00:15.0 (15 s) The person in the foreground meticulously arranges their starting dominoes on the table.
p_careful_slow
A careful but slow elderly user who works deliberately and sometimes over/under-does steps.
error_bias: techniquetiming
@ 00:10.0 technique
deviation: The user spends an excessive amount of time meticulously arranging and re-arranging their dominoes into perfectly straight, evenly spaced rows. They repeatedly nudge and adjust the tiles long after they are functionally organized, delaying the start of their turn.
user says: Are my tiles straight enough?
AI replies: Your dominoes are well-organized and ready for play. You can stop arranging them and prepare for your turn.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:10, the player is adjusting the position of a domino that is already in a neat row, indicating an excessive focus on perfect alignment.
rationale: This persona's careful and deliberate nature leads them to over-focus on the minor details of arranging their tiles perfectly, causing them to delay the game.
p_distracted
An easily distracted user who loses track and forgets sub-steps.
error_bias: omission
@ 00:11.0 omission
deviation: The user gets distracted by the other player arranging their dominoes and forgets to set up the last two tiles in their hand, leaving them unorganized and potentially unseen.
user says: Am I ready for my turn?
AI replies: You still have two more dominoes to arrange. Stand them up with the others so you can see your complete hand.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:11, the user is arranging the final dominoes while the other player is simultaneously setting up their own, drawing the user's attention.
rationale: This persona's attention was drawn to the other player's actions, causing them to forget to complete the sub-step of arranging all of their own tiles.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:00.0 silent
control persona: no deviation
p_overconfident
An overconfident user who skips preparation they think is unnecessary.
error_bias: preparationomission
@ 00:01.0 omission
deviation: The user skips arranging their dominoes into organized, upright rows. Believing they can easily remember their hand without this preparatory step, they just leave the tiles face-up in a jumble in front of them to save time.
user says: Okay, I'm ready, whose move is it?
AI replies: Hold on. Take a moment to stand your dominoes up in rows facing you. It will help you see your options more clearly.
frame justification + rationale
onset_frame_justification: At 00:01, the player's hands start meticulously arranging the dominoes into neat lines, an action this persona would deem unnecessary and skip.
rationale: The overconfident persona sees carefully organizing their dominoes as a slow, unnecessary preparation step and believes they are skilled enough to play effectively without it.
step 1 00:15.0 → 00:24.0 (9 s) The person in the background places a domino on the central line, extending the game.
p_expert_clean
A skilled user who almost always executes correctly (control / negative case).
error_bias: control / no error_bias
@ 00:15.0 silent
control persona: no deviation